From 5e6c951784f3470bcbf0ef1c8889579c095c0cd0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: arnobrinkman <arnobrinkman@users.sourceforge.net>
Date: Thu, 17 Feb 2005 00:19:20 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] First draft optimizer enhancements doc

---
 doc/README.Optimizer.txt | 131 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 131 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 doc/README.Optimizer.txt

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+Optimizer enhancements in FB2.0
+
+The Optimizer has two different optimizer "modules" depending on the ODS of the 
+database. The reason for this is that in ODS 11 segment-selectivity is introduced.
+
+
+Improvements for every ODS:
+
+A) Deliver allowable comparisons from HAVING clause to WHERE clause so that indexes 
+   could be used. Only simple comparisons are checked if they are deliverable. At 
+   least 1 side of the comparison should be a field contained in the GROUP BY clause.
+   Note that WHERE clauses on aggregate views are also put in the HAVING clause. 
+
+   SELECT Count(*) FROM RelationCategories GROUP BY CategoryID HAVING CategoryID = 5
+
+B) Try to deliver conjuntions made on a UNION inside every single stream.
+
+   SELECT Count(*) FROM
+    (SELECT RelationID FROM Relations
+     UNION ALL
+     SELECT CategoryID FROM Categories) dt (ID)
+   WHERE
+     dt.ID = 1
+
+C) Cardinality calculation has been improved for a better estimated value.
+
+D) MERGE/SORT operation may now be generated for inner joins using equality 
+   comparsion on expressions.
+
+   SELECT Count(*) FROM
+     Relations r
+     JOIN RelationCategories rc ON (rc.RelationID + 0 = r.RelationID + 0)
+   WHERE
+     rc.CategoryID = 3
+
+E) When a UNIQUE index can be fully matched (equality) used on a relation, use this 
+   index and forget any possible indexes.
+
+F) Indexed order read with an OUTER JOIN.
+
+   SELECT * FROM
+     Relations r
+     LEFT JOIN RelationCategories rc ON (rc.RelationID = r.RelationID and rc.CategoryID = 3)
+   ORDER BY
+     r.LASTNAME
+
+  Note: Patch provided by <Radek Palmowski>
+
+
+Improvements for ODS 11:
+
+G) Ignore NULL values in index scan for operators other than IS NULL and Equivalent.
+   In previous versions with a NULL-able index NULL-keys could be put in the bitmap 
+   for record retrieval.
+
+   Note: This works currently only at single segment indexes.
+
+
+H) Calculate with more accurate selectivity for compound indexes which are partially 
+   matched with conjunctions. Due this we can now use cost-based approach also for 
+   partially matched indexes. 
+
+   Example:
+   SELECT * FROM RelationCategories WHERE CategoryID = 1
+
+I) IS NULL can be used inside compound indexes on every segment (assuming previous 
+   segments are matched too).
+
+   Example:
+   SELECT * FROM Relations WHERE LastName = 'Goebel' and MiddleName IS NULL
+
+J) STARTING WITH can be used inside compound indexes on every segment, but only the 
+   last matching segment.
+
+   Example:
+   SELECT * FROM Relations WHERE FirstName = 'Joe' and LastName STARTING WITH 'D'
+
+K) Use AND conjunctions also inside OR conjunctions to help with matching on a 
+   compound index. The same calculation for every left and right node of a OR 
+   conjunction is used as for the AND conjunctions.
+
+   Example:
+   SELECT * FROM RelationCategories WHERE CategoryID = 3 and RelationID IN (123, 720, 708)
+
+   Above select will use 3 times the index created for the primary key.
+
+L) JOIN order calculation doesn't prefer primary indexes, but uses cost based 
+   calculation for every relation (selectivity, cardinality and number of indexes).
+   Selectivity for a node is calculated over all selectivities used in that node.
+   Indexes matched with IS NULL and STARTING WITH are now also considered in this 
+   calculation. Less JOIN order combinations are being calculated.
+
+   SELECT * FROM 
+     Relations r
+     JOIN RelationCategories rc ON (rc.RelationID = r.RelationID and rc.CATEGORYID = 1)
+   WHERE
+     r.FIRSTNAME LIKE 'J%'
+
+
+Example metadata:
+
+CREATE TABLE Relations (
+  RelationID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+  FirstName VARCHAR(35),
+  MiddleName VARCHAR(35),
+  LastName VARCHAR(35)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IDX_FIRSTNAME ON Relations (FirstName);
+CREATE INDEX IDX_LASTNAME ON Relations (LastName);
+CREATE INDEX IDX_FIRST_LASTNAME ON Relations (FirstName, LastName);
+CREATE INDEX IDX_LAST_MIDDLENAME ON Relations (MiddleName, LastName);
+
+CREATE TABLE Categories (
+  CategoryID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+  Description VARCHAR(30)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE RelationCategories (
+  RelationID INT NOT NULL,
+  CategoryID INT NOT NULL,
+  CONSTRAINT FK_RC_RELATIONS FOREIGN KEY (RelationID)
+    REFERENCES Relations (RelationID),
+  CONSTRAINT FK_RC_CATEGORIES FOREIGN KEY (CategoryID)
+    REFERENCES Categories (CategoryID),
+  PRIMARY KEY (CategoryID, RelationID)
+);
+
+
+
+