firebird-mirror/doc/sql.extensions/README.time_zone.md

# Time Zone support (FB 4.0)

Time zone support consists of `TIME WITH TIME ZONE` and `TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE` data types, expressions and statements to work with time zones and conversion between data types without/with time zones.

The first important thing to understand is that `TIME WITHOUT TIME ZONE`, `TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE` and `DATE` data types are defined to use the session time zone when converting from or to a `TIME WITH TIME ZONE` or `TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE`. `TIME` and `TIMESTAMP` are synonymous to theirs respectively `WITHOUT TIME ZONE` data types.

The session time zone, as the name implies, can be a different one for each database attachment. It can be set with the isc_dpb_session_time_zone DPB, and if not, it starts by default defined to be the same time zone used by the Firebird database OS process.

It can then be changed with `SET TIME ZONE` statement to a given time zone or reset to its original value with `SET TIME ZONE LOCAL`.

A time zone may be a string with a time zone region (for example, `America/Sao_Paulo`) or a hours:minutes displacement (for example, `-03:00`) from GMT.

A time/timestamp with time zone is considered equal to another time/timestamp with time zone if their conversion to UTC are equal, for example, `time '10:00 -02' = time '09:00 -03'`, since both are the same as `time '12:00 GMT'`. This is also valid in the context of `UNIQUE` constraints and for sorting purposes.


## Data types

```
TIME [ { WITH | WITHOUT } TIME ZONE ]

TIMESTAMP [ { WITH | WITHOUT } TIME ZONE ]
```

### Storage

TIME/TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE has respectively the same storage of TIME/TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE plus 2 bytes for the time zone identifier or displacement.

The time/timestamp parts are stored in UTC (translated from the informed time zone).

Time zone identifiers (from regions) are put directly in the time_zone field. They start from 65535 (which is the GMT code) and are decreasing as new time zones were/are added.

Time zone displacements (+/- HH:MM) are encoded with `(sign * (HH * 60 + MM)) + 1439`. For example, a `00:00` displacement is encoded as `(1 * (0 * 60 + 0)) + 1439 = 1439` and `-02:00` as `(-1 * (2 * 60 + 0)) + 1439 = 1319`.

### API structs

```
struct ISC_TIME_TZ
{
    ISC_TIME utc_time;
    ISC_USHORT time_zone;
};

struct ISC_TIMESTAMP_TZ
{
    ISC_TIMESTAMP utc_timestamp;
    ISC_USHORT time_zone;
};
```

### API functions (FirebirdInterface.idl - IUtil interface)

```
void decodeTimeTz(
    Status status,
    const ISC_TIME_TZ* timeTz,
    uint* hours,
    uint* minutes,
    uint* seconds,
    uint* fractions,
    uint timeZoneBufferLength,
    string timeZoneBuffer
);

void decodeTimeStampTz(
    Status status,
    const ISC_TIMESTAMP_TZ* timeStampTz,
    uint* year,
    uint* month,
    uint* day,
    uint* hours,
    uint* minutes,
    uint* seconds,
    uint* fractions,
    uint timeZoneBufferLength,
    string timeZoneBuffer
);

void encodeTimeTz(
    Status status,
    ISC_TIME_TZ* timeTz,
    uint hours,
    uint minutes,
    uint seconds,
    uint fractions,
    const string timeZone
);

void encodeTimeStampTz(
    Status status,
    ISC_TIMESTAMP_TZ* timeStampTz,
    uint year,
    uint month,
    uint day,
    uint hours,
    uint minutes,
    uint seconds,
    uint fractions,
    const string timeZone
);
```

## Time zone string syntax

```
<time zone string> ::=
    '<time zone>'

<time zone> ::=
    <time zone region> |
    [+/-] <hour displacement> [: <minute displacement>]
```

Examples:

- `'America/Sao_Paulo'`
- `'-02:00'`
- `'+04'`
- `'04:00'`
- `'04:30'`

## `TIME WITH TIME ZONE` and `TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE` literals

```
<time with time zone literal> ::=
    time '<time> <time zone>'

<timestamp with time zone literal> ::=
    timestamp '<timestamp> <time zone>'
```

Examples:

- `time '10:00 America/Los_Angeles'`
- `time '10:00:00.5 +08'`
- `timestamp '2018-01-01 10:00 America/Los_Angeles'`
- `timestamp '2018-01-01 10:00:00.5 +08'`

## Statements and expressions

### `SET TIME ZONE` statement

Changes the session time zone.

#### Syntax

```
SET TIME ZONE { <time zone string> | LOCAL }
```

#### Examples

```
set time zone '-02:00';

set time zone 'America/Sao_Paulo';

set time zone local;
```

### `AT` expression

Translates a time/timestamp value to its correspondent value in another time zone.

If `LOCAL` is used, the value is converted to the session time zone.

#### Syntax

```
<at expr> ::=
    <expr> AT { TIME ZONE <time zone string> | LOCAL }
```

#### Examples

```
select time '12:00 GMT' at time zone '-03'
  from rdb$database;

select current_timestamp at time zone 'America/Sao_Paulo'
  from rdb$database;

select timestamp '2018-01-01 12:00 GMT' at local
  from rdb$database;
```

### `EXTRACT` expressions

Two new `EXTRACT` expressions has been added:
- `TIMEZONE_HOUR`: extracts the time zone hours displacement
- `TIMEZONE_MINUTE`: extracts the time zone minutes displacement

#### Examples

```
select extract(timezone_hour from current_time)
  from rdb$database;

select extract(timezone_minute from current_timestamp)
  from rdb$database;
```

### `LOCALTIME` expression

Returns the current time as a `TIME WITHOUT TIME ZONE`, i.e., in the session time zone.

#### Example

```
select localtime
  from rdb$database;
```

### `LOCALTIMESTAMP` expression

Returns the current timestamp as a `TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE`, i.e., in the session time zone.

#### Example

```
select localtimestamp
  from rdb$database;
```

## TODO: CURRENT_TIME and CURRENT_TIMESTAMP changes

## Virtual table `RDB$TIME_ZONES`

This virtual table lists time zones supported in the engine.

Columns:
- `RDB$TIME_ZONE_ID` type `INTEGER`
- `RDB$TIME_ZONE_NAME` type `CHAR(63)`

## Package `RDB$TIME_ZONE_UTIL`

This package has time zone utility functions and procedures.

### Function `DATABASE_VERSION`

`RDB$TIME_ZONE_UTIL.DATABASE_VERSION` returns the time zone database version.

Return type: `VARCHAR(10) CHARACTER SET ASCII`

```
select rdb$time_zone_util.database_version()
  from rdb$database;
```

Returns:
```
DATABASE_VERSION
================
2017c
```

### Procedure `TRANSITIONS`

`RDB$TIME_ZONE_UTIL.TRANSITIONS` returns the set of rules between the start and end timestamps.

Input parameters:
 - `TIME_ZONE_NAME` type `CHAR(63)`
 - `FROM_TIMESTAMP` type `TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE`
 - `TO_TIMESTAMP` type `TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE`

 Output parameters:
 - `START_TIMESTAMP` type `TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE` - the transition' start timestamp
 - `END_TIMESTAMP` type `TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE` - the transition's end timestamp
 - `ZONE_OFFSET` type `SMALLINT` - number of minutes related to the zone's offset
 - `DST_OFFSET` type `SMALLINT` - number of minutes related to the zone's DST offset
 - `EFFECTIVE_OFFSET` type `SMALLINT` - effective offset (`ZONE_OFFSET + DST_OFFSET`)

```
select *
  from rdb$time_zone_util.transitions(
    'America/Sao_Paulo',
    timestamp '2017-01-01',
    timestamp '2019-01-01');
```

Returns:

```
             START_TIMESTAMP                END_TIMESTAMP ZONE_OFFSET DST_OFFSET EFFECTIVE_OFFSET
============================ ============================ =========== ========== ================
2016-10-16 03:00:00.0000 GMT 2017-02-19 01:59:59.9999 GMT        -180         60             -120
2017-02-19 02:00:00.0000 GMT 2017-10-15 02:59:59.9999 GMT        -180          0             -180
2017-10-15 03:00:00.0000 GMT 2018-02-18 01:59:59.9999 GMT        -180         60             -120
2018-02-18 02:00:00.0000 GMT 2018-10-21 02:59:59.9999 GMT        -180          0             -180
2018-10-21 03:00:00.0000 GMT 2019-02-17 01:59:59.9999 GMT        -180         60             -120
```


# Appendix: time zone regions

Below is the list of time zone region names and IDs.

- GMT (65535)
- ACT (65534)
- AET (65533)
- AGT (65532)
- ART (65531)
- AST (65530)
- Africa/Abidjan (65529)
- Africa/Accra (65528)
- Africa/Addis_Ababa (65527)
- Africa/Algiers (65526)
- Africa/Asmara (65525)
- Africa/Asmera (65524)
- Africa/Bamako (65523)
- Africa/Bangui (65522)
- Africa/Banjul (65521)
- Africa/Bissau (65520)
- Africa/Blantyre (65519)
- Africa/Brazzaville (65518)
- Africa/Bujumbura (65517)
- Africa/Cairo (65516)
- Africa/Casablanca (65515)
- Africa/Ceuta (65514)
- Africa/Conakry (65513)
- Africa/Dakar (65512)
- Africa/Dar_es_Salaam (65511)
- Africa/Djibouti (65510)
- Africa/Douala (65509)
- Africa/El_Aaiun (65508)
- Africa/Freetown (65507)
- Africa/Gaborone (65506)
- Africa/Harare (65505)
- Africa/Johannesburg (65504)
- Africa/Juba (65503)
- Africa/Kampala (65502)
- Africa/Khartoum (65501)
- Africa/Kigali (65500)
- Africa/Kinshasa (65499)
- Africa/Lagos (65498)
- Africa/Libreville (65497)
- Africa/Lome (65496)
- Africa/Luanda (65495)
- Africa/Lubumbashi (65494)
- Africa/Lusaka (65493)
- Africa/Malabo (65492)
- Africa/Maputo (65491)
- Africa/Maseru (65490)
- Africa/Mbabane (65489)
- Africa/Mogadishu (65488)
- Africa/Monrovia (65487)
- Africa/Nairobi (65486)
- Africa/Ndjamena (65485)
- Africa/Niamey (65484)
- Africa/Nouakchott (65483)
- Africa/Ouagadougou (65482)
- Africa/Porto-Novo (65481)
- Africa/Sao_Tome (65480)
- Africa/Timbuktu (65479)
- Africa/Tripoli (65478)
- Africa/Tunis (65477)
- Africa/Windhoek (65476)
- America/Adak (65475)
- America/Anchorage (65474)
- America/Anguilla (65473)
- America/Antigua (65472)
- America/Araguaina (65471)
- America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires (65470)
- America/Argentina/Catamarca (65469)
- America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia (65468)
- America/Argentina/Cordoba (65467)
- America/Argentina/Jujuy (65466)
- America/Argentina/La_Rioja (65465)
- America/Argentina/Mendoza (65464)
- America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos (65463)
- America/Argentina/Salta (65462)
- America/Argentina/San_Juan (65461)
- America/Argentina/San_Luis (65460)
- America/Argentina/Tucuman (65459)
- America/Argentina/Ushuaia (65458)
- America/Aruba (65457)
- America/Asuncion (65456)
- America/Atikokan (65455)
- America/Atka (65454)
- America/Bahia (65453)
- America/Bahia_Banderas (65452)
- America/Barbados (65451)
- America/Belem (65450)
- America/Belize (65449)
- America/Blanc-Sablon (65448)
- America/Boa_Vista (65447)
- America/Bogota (65446)
- America/Boise (65445)
- America/Buenos_Aires (65444)
- America/Cambridge_Bay (65443)
- America/Campo_Grande (65442)
- America/Cancun (65441)
- America/Caracas (65440)
- America/Catamarca (65439)
- America/Cayenne (65438)
- America/Cayman (65437)
- America/Chicago (65436)
- America/Chihuahua (65435)
- America/Coral_Harbour (65434)
- America/Cordoba (65433)
- America/Costa_Rica (65432)
- America/Creston (65431)
- America/Cuiaba (65430)
- America/Curacao (65429)
- America/Danmarkshavn (65428)
- America/Dawson (65427)
- America/Dawson_Creek (65426)
- America/Denver (65425)
- America/Detroit (65424)
- America/Dominica (65423)
- America/Edmonton (65422)
- America/Eirunepe (65421)
- America/El_Salvador (65420)
- America/Ensenada (65419)
- America/Fort_Nelson (65418)
- America/Fort_Wayne (65417)
- America/Fortaleza (65416)
- America/Glace_Bay (65415)
- America/Godthab (65414)
- America/Goose_Bay (65413)
- America/Grand_Turk (65412)
- America/Grenada (65411)
- America/Guadeloupe (65410)
- America/Guatemala (65409)
- America/Guayaquil (65408)
- America/Guyana (65407)
- America/Halifax (65406)
- America/Havana (65405)
- America/Hermosillo (65404)
- America/Indiana/Indianapolis (65403)
- America/Indiana/Knox (65402)
- America/Indiana/Marengo (65401)
- America/Indiana/Petersburg (65400)
- America/Indiana/Tell_City (65399)
- America/Indiana/Vevay (65398)
- America/Indiana/Vincennes (65397)
- America/Indiana/Winamac (65396)
- America/Indianapolis (65395)
- America/Inuvik (65394)
- America/Iqaluit (65393)
- America/Jamaica (65392)
- America/Jujuy (65391)
- America/Juneau (65390)
- America/Kentucky/Louisville (65389)
- America/Kentucky/Monticello (65388)
- America/Knox_IN (65387)
- America/Kralendijk (65386)
- America/La_Paz (65385)
- America/Lima (65384)
- America/Los_Angeles (65383)
- America/Louisville (65382)
- America/Lower_Princes (65381)
- America/Maceio (65380)
- America/Managua (65379)
- America/Manaus (65378)
- America/Marigot (65377)
- America/Martinique (65376)
- America/Matamoros (65375)
- America/Mazatlan (65374)
- America/Mendoza (65373)
- America/Menominee (65372)
- America/Merida (65371)
- America/Metlakatla (65370)
- America/Mexico_City (65369)
- America/Miquelon (65368)
- America/Moncton (65367)
- America/Monterrey (65366)
- America/Montevideo (65365)
- America/Montreal (65364)
- America/Montserrat (65363)
- America/Nassau (65362)
- America/New_York (65361)
- America/Nipigon (65360)
- America/Nome (65359)
- America/Noronha (65358)
- America/North_Dakota/Beulah (65357)
- America/North_Dakota/Center (65356)
- America/North_Dakota/New_Salem (65355)
- America/Ojinaga (65354)
- America/Panama (65353)
- America/Pangnirtung (65352)
- America/Paramaribo (65351)
- America/Phoenix (65350)
- America/Port-au-Prince (65349)
- America/Port_of_Spain (65348)
- America/Porto_Acre (65347)
- America/Porto_Velho (65346)
- America/Puerto_Rico (65345)
- America/Punta_Arenas (65344)
- America/Rainy_River (65343)
- America/Rankin_Inlet (65342)
- America/Recife (65341)
- America/Regina (65340)
- America/Resolute (65339)
- America/Rio_Branco (65338)
- America/Rosario (65337)
- America/Santa_Isabel (65336)
- America/Santarem (65335)
- America/Santiago (65334)
- America/Santo_Domingo (65333)
- America/Sao_Paulo (65332)
- America/Scoresbysund (65331)
- America/Shiprock (65330)
- America/Sitka (65329)
- America/St_Barthelemy (65328)
- America/St_Johns (65327)
- America/St_Kitts (65326)
- America/St_Lucia (65325)
- America/St_Thomas (65324)
- America/St_Vincent (65323)
- America/Swift_Current (65322)
- America/Tegucigalpa (65321)
- America/Thule (65320)
- America/Thunder_Bay (65319)
- America/Tijuana (65318)
- America/Toronto (65317)
- America/Tortola (65316)
- America/Vancouver (65315)
- America/Virgin (65314)
- America/Whitehorse (65313)
- America/Winnipeg (65312)
- America/Yakutat (65311)
- America/Yellowknife (65310)
- Antarctica/Casey (65309)
- Antarctica/Davis (65308)
- Antarctica/DumontDUrville (65307)
- Antarctica/Macquarie (65306)
- Antarctica/Mawson (65305)
- Antarctica/McMurdo (65304)
- Antarctica/Palmer (65303)
- Antarctica/Rothera (65302)
- Antarctica/South_Pole (65301)
- Antarctica/Syowa (65300)
- Antarctica/Troll (65299)
- Antarctica/Vostok (65298)
- Arctic/Longyearbyen (65297)
- Asia/Aden (65296)
- Asia/Almaty (65295)
- Asia/Amman (65294)
- Asia/Anadyr (65293)
- Asia/Aqtau (65292)
- Asia/Aqtobe (65291)
- Asia/Ashgabat (65290)
- Asia/Ashkhabad (65289)
- Asia/Atyrau (65288)
- Asia/Baghdad (65287)
- Asia/Bahrain (65286)
- Asia/Baku (65285)
- Asia/Bangkok (65284)
- Asia/Barnaul (65283)
- Asia/Beirut (65282)
- Asia/Bishkek (65281)
- Asia/Brunei (65280)
- Asia/Calcutta (65279)
- Asia/Chita (65278)
- Asia/Choibalsan (65277)
- Asia/Chongqing (65276)
- Asia/Chungking (65275)
- Asia/Colombo (65274)
- Asia/Dacca (65273)
- Asia/Damascus (65272)
- Asia/Dhaka (65271)
- Asia/Dili (65270)
- Asia/Dubai (65269)
- Asia/Dushanbe (65268)
- Asia/Famagusta (65267)
- Asia/Gaza (65266)
- Asia/Harbin (65265)
- Asia/Hebron (65264)
- Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh (65263)
- Asia/Hong_Kong (65262)
- Asia/Hovd (65261)
- Asia/Irkutsk (65260)
- Asia/Istanbul (65259)
- Asia/Jakarta (65258)
- Asia/Jayapura (65257)
- Asia/Jerusalem (65256)
- Asia/Kabul (65255)
- Asia/Kamchatka (65254)
- Asia/Karachi (65253)
- Asia/Kashgar (65252)
- Asia/Kathmandu (65251)
- Asia/Katmandu (65250)
- Asia/Khandyga (65249)
- Asia/Kolkata (65248)
- Asia/Krasnoyarsk (65247)
- Asia/Kuala_Lumpur (65246)
- Asia/Kuching (65245)
- Asia/Kuwait (65244)
- Asia/Macao (65243)
- Asia/Macau (65242)
- Asia/Magadan (65241)
- Asia/Makassar (65240)
- Asia/Manila (65239)
- Asia/Muscat (65238)
- Asia/Nicosia (65237)
- Asia/Novokuznetsk (65236)
- Asia/Novosibirsk (65235)
- Asia/Omsk (65234)
- Asia/Oral (65233)
- Asia/Phnom_Penh (65232)
- Asia/Pontianak (65231)
- Asia/Pyongyang (65230)
- Asia/Qatar (65229)
- Asia/Qyzylorda (65228)
- Asia/Rangoon (65227)
- Asia/Riyadh (65226)
- Asia/Saigon (65225)
- Asia/Sakhalin (65224)
- Asia/Samarkand (65223)
- Asia/Seoul (65222)
- Asia/Shanghai (65221)
- Asia/Singapore (65220)
- Asia/Srednekolymsk (65219)
- Asia/Taipei (65218)
- Asia/Tashkent (65217)
- Asia/Tbilisi (65216)
- Asia/Tehran (65215)
- Asia/Tel_Aviv (65214)
- Asia/Thimbu (65213)
- Asia/Thimphu (65212)
- Asia/Tokyo (65211)
- Asia/Tomsk (65210)
- Asia/Ujung_Pandang (65209)
- Asia/Ulaanbaatar (65208)
- Asia/Ulan_Bator (65207)
- Asia/Urumqi (65206)
- Asia/Ust-Nera (65205)
- Asia/Vientiane (65204)
- Asia/Vladivostok (65203)
- Asia/Yakutsk (65202)
- Asia/Yangon (65201)
- Asia/Yekaterinburg (65200)
- Asia/Yerevan (65199)
- Atlantic/Azores (65198)
- Atlantic/Bermuda (65197)
- Atlantic/Canary (65196)
- Atlantic/Cape_Verde (65195)
- Atlantic/Faeroe (65194)
- Atlantic/Faroe (65193)
- Atlantic/Jan_Mayen (65192)
- Atlantic/Madeira (65191)
- Atlantic/Reykjavik (65190)
- Atlantic/South_Georgia (65189)
- Atlantic/St_Helena (65188)
- Atlantic/Stanley (65187)
- Australia/ACT (65186)
- Australia/Adelaide (65185)
- Australia/Brisbane (65184)
- Australia/Broken_Hill (65183)
- Australia/Canberra (65182)
- Australia/Currie (65181)
- Australia/Darwin (65180)
- Australia/Eucla (65179)
- Australia/Hobart (65178)
- Australia/LHI (65177)
- Australia/Lindeman (65176)
- Australia/Lord_Howe (65175)
- Australia/Melbourne (65174)
- Australia/NSW (65173)
- Australia/North (65172)
- Australia/Perth (65171)
- Australia/Queensland (65170)
- Australia/South (65169)
- Australia/Sydney (65168)
- Australia/Tasmania (65167)
- Australia/Victoria (65166)
- Australia/West (65165)
- Australia/Yancowinna (65164)
- BET (65163)
- BST (65162)
- Brazil/Acre (65161)
- Brazil/DeNoronha (65160)
- Brazil/East (65159)
- Brazil/West (65158)
- CAT (65157)
- CET (65156)
- CNT (65155)
- CST (65154)
- CST6CDT (65153)
- CTT (65152)
- Canada/Atlantic (65151)
- Canada/Central (65150)
- Canada/East-Saskatchewan (65149)
- Canada/Eastern (65148)
- Canada/Mountain (65147)
- Canada/Newfoundland (65146)
- Canada/Pacific (65145)
- Canada/Saskatchewan (65144)
- Canada/Yukon (65143)
- Chile/Continental (65142)
- Chile/EasterIsland (65141)
- Cuba (65140)
- EAT (65139)
- ECT (65138)
- EET (65137)
- EST (65136)
- EST5EDT (65135)
- Egypt (65134)
- Eire (65133)
- Etc/GMT (65132)
- Etc/GMT+0 (65131)
- Etc/GMT+1 (65130)
- Etc/GMT+10 (65129)
- Etc/GMT+11 (65128)
- Etc/GMT+12 (65127)
- Etc/GMT+2 (65126)
- Etc/GMT+3 (65125)
- Etc/GMT+4 (65124)
- Etc/GMT+5 (65123)
- Etc/GMT+6 (65122)
- Etc/GMT+7 (65121)
- Etc/GMT+8 (65120)
- Etc/GMT+9 (65119)
- Etc/GMT-0 (65118)
- Etc/GMT-1 (65117)
- Etc/GMT-10 (65116)
- Etc/GMT-11 (65115)
- Etc/GMT-12 (65114)
- Etc/GMT-13 (65113)
- Etc/GMT-14 (65112)
- Etc/GMT-2 (65111)
- Etc/GMT-3 (65110)
- Etc/GMT-4 (65109)
- Etc/GMT-5 (65108)
- Etc/GMT-6 (65107)
- Etc/GMT-7 (65106)
- Etc/GMT-8 (65105)
- Etc/GMT-9 (65104)
- Etc/GMT0 (65103)
- Etc/Greenwich (65102)
- Etc/UCT (65101)
- Etc/UTC (65100)
- Etc/Universal (65099)
- Etc/Zulu (65098)
- Europe/Amsterdam (65097)
- Europe/Andorra (65096)
- Europe/Astrakhan (65095)
- Europe/Athens (65094)
- Europe/Belfast (65093)
- Europe/Belgrade (65092)
- Europe/Berlin (65091)
- Europe/Bratislava (65090)
- Europe/Brussels (65089)
- Europe/Bucharest (65088)
- Europe/Budapest (65087)
- Europe/Busingen (65086)
- Europe/Chisinau (65085)
- Europe/Copenhagen (65084)
- Europe/Dublin (65083)
- Europe/Gibraltar (65082)
- Europe/Guernsey (65081)
- Europe/Helsinki (65080)
- Europe/Isle_of_Man (65079)
- Europe/Istanbul (65078)
- Europe/Jersey (65077)
- Europe/Kaliningrad (65076)
- Europe/Kiev (65075)
- Europe/Kirov (65074)
- Europe/Lisbon (65073)
- Europe/Ljubljana (65072)
- Europe/London (65071)
- Europe/Luxembourg (65070)
- Europe/Madrid (65069)
- Europe/Malta (65068)
- Europe/Mariehamn (65067)
- Europe/Minsk (65066)
- Europe/Monaco (65065)
- Europe/Moscow (65064)
- Europe/Nicosia (65063)
- Europe/Oslo (65062)
- Europe/Paris (65061)
- Europe/Podgorica (65060)
- Europe/Prague (65059)
- Europe/Riga (65058)
- Europe/Rome (65057)
- Europe/Samara (65056)
- Europe/San_Marino (65055)
- Europe/Sarajevo (65054)
- Europe/Saratov (65053)
- Europe/Simferopol (65052)
- Europe/Skopje (65051)
- Europe/Sofia (65050)
- Europe/Stockholm (65049)
- Europe/Tallinn (65048)
- Europe/Tirane (65047)
- Europe/Tiraspol (65046)
- Europe/Ulyanovsk (65045)
- Europe/Uzhgorod (65044)
- Europe/Vaduz (65043)
- Europe/Vatican (65042)
- Europe/Vienna (65041)
- Europe/Vilnius (65040)
- Europe/Volgograd (65039)
- Europe/Warsaw (65038)
- Europe/Zagreb (65037)
- Europe/Zaporozhye (65036)
- Europe/Zurich (65035)
- Factory (65034)
- GB (65033)
- GB-Eire (65032)
- GMT+0 (65031)
- GMT-0 (65030)
- GMT0 (65029)
- Greenwich (65028)
- HST (65027)
- Hongkong (65026)
- IET (65025)
- IST (65024)
- Iceland (65023)
- Indian/Antananarivo (65022)
- Indian/Chagos (65021)
- Indian/Christmas (65020)
- Indian/Cocos (65019)
- Indian/Comoro (65018)
- Indian/Kerguelen (65017)
- Indian/Mahe (65016)
- Indian/Maldives (65015)
- Indian/Mauritius (65014)
- Indian/Mayotte (65013)
- Indian/Reunion (65012)
- Iran (65011)
- Israel (65010)
- JST (65009)
- Jamaica (65008)
- Japan (65007)
- Kwajalein (65006)
- Libya (65005)
- MET (65004)
- MIT (65003)
- MST (65002)
- MST7MDT (65001)
- Mexico/BajaNorte (65000)
- Mexico/BajaSur (64999)
- Mexico/General (64998)
- NET (64997)
- NST (64996)
- NZ (64995)
- NZ-CHAT (64994)
- Navajo (64993)
- PLT (64992)
- PNT (64991)
- PRC (64990)
- PRT (64989)
- PST (64988)
- PST8PDT (64987)
- Pacific/Apia (64986)
- Pacific/Auckland (64985)
- Pacific/Bougainville (64984)
- Pacific/Chatham (64983)
- Pacific/Chuuk (64982)
- Pacific/Easter (64981)
- Pacific/Efate (64980)
- Pacific/Enderbury (64979)
- Pacific/Fakaofo (64978)
- Pacific/Fiji (64977)
- Pacific/Funafuti (64976)
- Pacific/Galapagos (64975)
- Pacific/Gambier (64974)
- Pacific/Guadalcanal (64973)
- Pacific/Guam (64972)
- Pacific/Honolulu (64971)
- Pacific/Johnston (64970)
- Pacific/Kiritimati (64969)
- Pacific/Kosrae (64968)
- Pacific/Kwajalein (64967)
- Pacific/Majuro (64966)
- Pacific/Marquesas (64965)
- Pacific/Midway (64964)
- Pacific/Nauru (64963)
- Pacific/Niue (64962)
- Pacific/Norfolk (64961)
- Pacific/Noumea (64960)
- Pacific/Pago_Pago (64959)
- Pacific/Palau (64958)
- Pacific/Pitcairn (64957)
- Pacific/Pohnpei (64956)
- Pacific/Ponape (64955)
- Pacific/Port_Moresby (64954)
- Pacific/Rarotonga (64953)
- Pacific/Saipan (64952)
- Pacific/Samoa (64951)
- Pacific/Tahiti (64950)
- Pacific/Tarawa (64949)
- Pacific/Tongatapu (64948)
- Pacific/Truk (64947)
- Pacific/Wake (64946)
- Pacific/Wallis (64945)
- Pacific/Yap (64944)
- Poland (64943)
- Portugal (64942)
- ROC (64941)
- ROK (64940)
- SST (64939)
- Singapore (64938)
- SystemV/AST4 (64937)
- SystemV/AST4ADT (64936)
- SystemV/CST6 (64935)
- SystemV/CST6CDT (64934)
- SystemV/EST5 (64933)
- SystemV/EST5EDT (64932)
- SystemV/HST10 (64931)
- SystemV/MST7 (64930)
- SystemV/MST7MDT (64929)
- SystemV/PST8 (64928)
- SystemV/PST8PDT (64927)
- SystemV/YST9 (64926)
- SystemV/YST9YDT (64925)
- Turkey (64924)
- UCT (64923)
- US/Alaska (64922)
- US/Aleutian (64921)
- US/Arizona (64920)
- US/Central (64919)
- US/East-Indiana (64918)
- US/Eastern (64917)
- US/Hawaii (64916)
- US/Indiana-Starke (64915)
- US/Michigan (64914)
- US/Mountain (64913)
- US/Pacific (64912)
- US/Pacific-New (64911)
- US/Samoa (64910)
- UTC (64909)
- Universal (64908)
- VST (64907)
- W-SU (64906)
- WET (64905)
- Zulu (64904)


Author:
    Adriano dos Santos Fernandes <adrianosf at gmail.com>